of psychology in understanding and helping solve the problems in Philippine society. Because its goal is to generalize research findings, this brand of psychology seeks to apply western theories and methods to non-western societies and cultures. Because of kapwa, this pakiramdam is a participatory process in which emotions are experienced mutually. experience has proven that approaching psychology using these models cannot colonial/accommodative surface values; and bahala na (determination), For Salazar (1991), Filipino-Americans are not Filipinos since they are not legitimate culture bearers they were born in the United States, do not share the Philippine cultural experience, and hardly speak any Philippine language. of hiya in English is not shame but sense of propriety. Answer 26 people found it helpful smuelcamp68 Answer: The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. If one is identifying indigenous concepts and approaches in Philippine psychology and Many Filipino intellectuals, notably the two Philippine heroes Jose Rizal and Apolinario Mabini, expressed dissatisfaction at the pejorative interpretations of Filipino behavior by Western observers. of these traumatized children. divide are the Filipinos who have adhered to a more elitist viewpoint. tendency for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to gloss over negative aspects of Philippine with its activities and this is the association in San Francisco, California. What is clear, however, are held in diferent regions of the country to encourage greater participation, to But looking at utang na loob more closely in the context of Filipino culture, it other side of the divide. The test administration procedures were also In 1975, Enriquez chaired the Unang Pambansang Kumperensya sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (First National Conference on Filipino Psychology) which was held at the Abelardo Auditorium at U.P. This is obviously a pervasive interpretation that when Thomas Andres published the Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values, he still defines bahala na as the Filipino attitude that makes him accept sufferings and problems, leaving everything to God. Pilipino is a step towards contributing to universal psychology. Enriquez did not stop at hypothesis-generation (level of perceptual knowledge and experience) but rather went on to develop core concepts and theories in psychology (e.g., kapwa psychology) and linked these to the diverse realities and experiences of other cultures and ethnicities. to ask the researcher as many questions as they want, therefore acting much like a debt connotes, because in the Filipino pattern of interpersonal relations, there is She looked into the essential elements to the Filipinos, but this is something researchers should be conscious of when Sikolohiyang Pilipino (First National Conference on Filipino Psychology) which was Non-government organizations involved in community education particularly in grassroots leadership formation have developed a training module on Sikolohiyang Pilipino that has proven to be quite relevant and useful to their work. Sikolohiyang Pilipino, according to him, should focus on the lived experiences of people immersed in Philippine life and culture. institution or funding agency. Zeus Salazar pinpointed four traditions upon which Philippine psychology is rooted (Filipino Psychology, n.d.): The following further define some of the distinctions of The concept of a great cultural divide is a legacy which Enriquez has left behind, food for serious thought, for both academician and layman alike. collective experience of a people with a common bond of history. He basically questioned Sikolohiyang Pilipinos position on the issue of universality and asserts that Sikolohiyang Pilipino, although it claims to contribute to universal knowledge, has not shown sufficient proof of its contribution or even proof that such knowledge exists in any given culture. When supported by the group, Filipino clients prefer paternalistic Enriquezs most significant contribution to the Sikolohiyang Pilipino movement probably lies in clarifying what Sikolohiyang Pilipino is. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. Reviews on the status of Philippine psychological measurement in the 1970s and indigenization which is based largely on simple translation of concepts, methods, Their program focused mainly on crisis intervention through treatment and rehabilitation of these traumatized children. Two other compilations have been published since 1982 when the first compilation on Sikolohiyang Pilipino was published. The most important aspect of this definition is the Filipino orientation. For example, if the publication of the research report will jeopardize the situation of the people, then it should not be continued. to Sikolohiyang Pilipinos underlying philosophy (Tangco, 1998). The most of import facet of this definition is the Filipino orientation. and external aspects of hiya. people. one should go through the process of getting to know each other irst informally Enriquez for including the study of Filipino- Americans in the discourse of For him, what is important is the immediate application of psychology in understanding and helping solve the problems in Philippine society. As principal methods of investigation, Sikolohiyang Pilipino encourages cross-indigenous method, multi-method multi-language approach, appropriate field methods, total approach (triangulation method). However, they can still lay claim to Filipino cultural identity (differentiated from a national identity) because both their parents are Filipino, some of them still speak or at least understand one Philippine language. For instance, in the area of personality, the Western approach in Despite this welcome development, however, she decried the tendency of local test users to use foreign-made tests lock, stock, and barrel, with no attempt whatsoever to adapt these tests through item or test modification, test translation, or development of local norms. The principal emphasis ofSikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. stability], kakayahang berbal sa Filipino [verbal ability in Filipino], Filipino Regarding psychological practice, it endorses the conceptualization of psychological practice in a Philippine context, for example, livelihood psychology instead of industrial psychology, health psychology instead of clinical psychology. psychology. culture and ignore the power dynamics at play in given cultural contexts. The study of psychology as an aspect of philosophy continued in the The second level underscored which utilized dimensions of personality that are relevant to Filipinos. Enriquezs PUP and three other examples of Philippine personality measures may the core concept of Enriquezs kapwa psychology. discourse in Sikolohiyang Pilipino as well as determine its methodology. adapted to Filipino ways (Enriquez & Guanzon, 1985). This has made the sharpening of pakikiramdam (shared inner perception) a particularly desirable skill in many situations involving Filipino social interaction. In fact, the word indigenization is erroneous because how can you indigenize something which is already indigenous? It is thusconcerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, andother spheres of people's daily life. Sikolohiyang This makes them insiders to a significant extent. Subsequently, the research included identifying indigenous concepts and approaches in Philippine psychology and developing creativity and inventiveness among Filipinos. (Enriquez, 1976). Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Fifth, the language of the people should be the language of research at all times. The choices are:FlammableNoticableAvailableCollectibleDivisibleEdibleEnduranceAttendanceReferenceIntelligence . Regarding psychological practice, it endorses the conceptualization of psychological special kind of sensitivity to cues which will guide them in their interaction with the Filipinos theorizing about the psychological nature of the Filipinos, whether ginabayang talakayan (collective indigenous discussion), nakikiugaling pagmamasid However, LGBs can possibly reveal their identity in an invalidating context that might cause them severe distress. SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO. At the graduate level, the Filipino language has been preponderantly used, both in teaching and research. In 1994 and 1996 respectively, Elizabeth Protacio-Marcelino and Sylvia Estrada-Claudio became the first graduates to receive their Ph.D. with Philippine Psychology as the area of concentration. Ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino (The Filipino Psychology). particularly in the area of personality measurement. In searching for appropriate research methods that are indigenous to Filipino experience, Filipino scholars have learned to assume the pakapa-kapa perspective, a suppositionless approach to social scientific investigations. And in the 1990s, tests were developed to measure a wide variety of. Northwestern University, USA with a Ph. Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became more responsible and responsive to the needs of Filipinos due to the philosophy that we need to make psychology benefit and be of service to the people. fate to God and remaining passive. psychology. Enriquez described this as a reflection of the language situation in the Philippine academic setting. an understanding of the Filipinos. For example, in a Psychology class exam, he did not translate a certain dream to English because this was an actual dream told to him by a resident of Bulacan. the predisposition to indirectness of Filipino communication was regarded as being Salazar criticized Enriquez for including the study of Filipino-Americans in the discourse of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Filipino culture is heavily influenced by foreign culture. In fact, they have their own culture looking at the problem of the children at two levels. Without a clear definition, the direction of the movement would not have been as focused and solid. In a subsequent paper, she and Enriquez discussed the loopholes of Philippine social research, including the lack of relevance of research topics to the needs of the people being studied, inappropriateness of (Western) methods to the ways of the people, definitions based on Western theories, and overemphasis on data rather than on the process. from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). the Third World setting have been expressed by a growing number of social Rather, they are telling themselves that they are Fourth, the method to be used in a research should be chosen on the basis of appropriateness to the population (and not sophistication of the method) and it should be made to adapt to existing cultural norms. kahalagahan kahulugan sa wikang filipino mga kasingkahulugang salita english translation of tagalog words usage examples ibang tawag sa. enculturation/socialization, and proto- clinical practice). In Filipino social interaction, one is immediately placed into one of these two categories; and how one is placed determines the level of interaction one is shown. Questions and Answers, Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu (And the Other Sacred Text of Taoism), Imperyalismo at Kolonyalismo: Dahilan ng Pagsisimula ng Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig, Ang Kaugnayan ng Pisyolohikal, Kognitibo, Sikolohikal, Ispiritwal at Panlipunang Pag-unlad tungo sa Pag-unawa ng Iniisip, Nadarama at Kinikilos, Confuciunism: Confucius Philosophy and Teachings, Leonor Rivera: Why Rizal did not end up marrying his true love, Klimang Tropikal: Klima at Panahon sa Mga Rehiyon, Nagbabago ang mga ugnayan ng tao dahil sa sistema ng lipunan, Kahulugan ng Sosyalismo, Epekto, at Kahinaan nito, Lipunang Birtwal: Mga Katangian at Pamamaraan, Paano Nahuhubog Ng Tao Ang Lipunan At Ng Lipunan Ang Tao, Mga Epekto ng Pakikilahok sa Mga Gawaing Pansibiko. Sikolohiyang Filipino: The Indegeneous Filipino Values INTRODUCTION As normative concept, psychology study differs across because of different cultural backgrounds and basis. Ang Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas ay tumutukoy sa lahat ng mga pa-aaral, libro, at sikolohiyang makikita sa Pilipinas, banyaga man o makapilipino. deinition is the Filipino orientation. panunuluyan (residing in the research setting) (San Juan & Soriaga, 1985). Thus, the move towards understanding On the other hand, another type of indigenization was given more emphasis after the translation attempts failed to capture or express a truly Filipino psychology. In place of clinical psychology and industrial psychology, he brought in health psychology, livelihood psychology, rural psychology, psychology of the arts, and others. Pilipino by underscoring the need for a socio-historical perspective in understanding In the area of Filipino Personality, Enriquez, together with PPRH, developed the He believes that universal While psychological testing is of Western origin, the substance of the PUP originated from an understanding of the Filipinos. There is also practical work currently going on in the area of feminist psychology. It is one of the four filiations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. psychology that takes into account the study of emotions and experienced It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. Now is for us to change The basis of Sikolohiyang Filipino. pakikipagkuwentuhan of the 1980s to that of the 1990s and corrected the After Enriquez arrived from the United States in 1971, he embarked on a full-scale theories and measures into Filipino. confrontative surface values. and speak their own language. analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. If you have taken the time to understand their cultural ways, you will know that it is very important to spend time establishing rapport, letting them interview you first so they would feel comfortable enough to disclose their opinions, knowledge and experiences to you. (e., kapwa psychology) and linked these to the diverse realities and experiences Hiya. He argues that the valuing of a universal psychology is not reflected in Sikolohiyang Pilipinos accumulated body of literature and research data. Protacio-Marcelino (1996) responded to these points in her Ph.D. dissertation on ethnicity and identity issues of second generation Filipino-Americans by stressing that indeed Filipino-Americans are not Filipino they are both Filipino and American. Key concepts and ideas of Filipino thinkers in the Social Sciences rooted in Filipino language - Read online for free. formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. and cultural roots of Philippine Psychology. On the other hand, social science professor Jensen Maebog depicts pakiramdam as seemingly instinctive, intuitive, and inherent faculty in the mind and emotion of basically all people, but practically more pronounced among Filipinos due to their culture and social beliefs. Since the articles in the book were in both Filipino and English, the book was given an English subtitle, Filipino Psychology: Theory, Method and Application. notably the two Philippine heroes Jose Rizal and Apolinario Mabini, expressed gratitude. Among the outcomes are: a body of knowledge including indigenous concepts, development of indigenous research methods and indigenous personality testing, new directions in teaching psychology, and an active participation in organizations among Filipino psychologists and social scientists, both in the Philippines and overseas. sama/lakas ng loob (resentment/guts) and pakikibaka (resistance) as Search the key phrase Jose Rizal children and some interesting personalities will come out, including Adolf Hitler, Yuriko, and Mao Zedong. The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. Guanzon-Lapen a has made signiicant contributions in the understanding of the express themselves (without fear of making grammatical mistakes and then being The PPRTH is currently doing a three-year research project commissioned by the Education for Life Foundation (ELF) to look into the Filipino concept of a grassroot leader and the elements of Filipino leadership. type of indigenization was given more emphasis after the translation attempts failed then the USA, academic psychology, or the psychology taught in schools, was The stream of nationalism was starting to have an effect on the teaching of different courses at U.P. these materials, reproducing them and binding them into one volume (Enriquez, Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas (psychology in the Philippines the general form of However, there was no concerted efort in the 1960s to reject and correct the The expression is a way of pumping courage into their system so that they do not buckle down. This is called indigenization from within (as against indigenization from without), which means looking for the indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign body with a local dress. contribution or even proof that such knowledge exists in any given culture. or applauses for a good performance, thus external. Bostrom (1968) was the first psychologist to analyze this value by comparing it with American fatalism. Some of the indigenous research methods that have been identiied are branch of Asian psychology, some claim that its some features also qualify it grassroots leadership formation. The U. was the irst university to ofer it. Salazar was both a friend and critic of Enriquezs work. na as the Filipino attitude that makes him accept suferings and problems, leaving Without a clear deinition, It is the major basis of the Sikolohiyang Pilipino aside from Academic-scientific psychology and Academic-philosopical psychology. pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan. originating in a particular place (___) (indigenized) isinakatutubo. bias for wholeness. They look down on people on the lesser emphasis on individual experience and with greater emphasis on the Traditionally, it is regulated by the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino, (registered with the Philippine government under the corporate name National Association for Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Inc.), which was founded in 1975 by Virgilio Enriquez, regarded by many as the Father of Filipino Psychology.. From this principle, certain behaviors on the part of the researcher are prescribed. Psychology and Philosophy as universal disciplines. Under this, some social scientists suggest that many poor Filipinos are superstitious as a result of Catholic dogmatism, characterized by a vague combination of animism and Catholic beliefs. Further to his role in defining the characteristics and perspectives of Sikolohiyang Pilipino and charting its direction, Enriquez spearheaded several activities that have continued long after his death in 1994 such as the holding of annual national conferences on Filipino psychology. MGA ANYO NG SIKOLOHIYA SA KONTEKSTONG PILIPINO . approach (without any one of them neglecting or emphasizing only one approach) Pakikisama was identified by Lynch (1961, 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth interpersonal relations by going along with the group or the majority decision, i.e., conformity. Its philosophical antecedents include (a) empirical philosophy, academic-scientific psychology, the ideas and teachings of Ricardo Pascual, logical analysis of language; (b) rational philosophy, the clerical tradition, phenomenology, Thomistic philosophy and psychology; and (c) liberalism, the Philippine propaganda movement, the writings of Philippine heroes Jacinto, Mabini and del Pilar, ethnic psychology. when nationalism was sweeping the country. Interest has grown by leaps and bounds from the handful of tests in educational psychology which were locally developed in the 1950s, to the interest in personality testing of the projective type in the 1960s. elements in mainstream culture and psychology that are transformative and Enriquez (1992) also explored the idea of a great cultural divide in the analysis of Filipino personality. negative depending on the context, e., kahihiyan (sense of propriety, or This is called indigenization from this in a continuum. It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. This stands for the homegrown concepts that are studied using indigenous psychological methodologies or orientation. methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a made tests lock, stock, and barrel, with no attempt whatsoever to adapt these tests It is imperative then for psychologists to develop the discipline by abstraction, elucidation and articulation of new concepts and theories, thus, enriching that tradition. This development, in turn, inspired the mass media to use the local language in radio programs, talk shows and other official events of local and national importance to Philippine life and culture. The most prominent debate in the area was initiated by Zeus Salazar, a historian who did most of his graduate and postgraduate training in Europe. This, in turn, gives birth to new theories and methodologies, as has already happened and is still happening at least in Asia and perhaps Latin America. aims to understand the Filipino psyche using indigenous concepts. While psychology of Filipinos (as observed by foreigners or as felt and expressed by. As new aspects are realized, they are adjusted or refined. when nationalism was sweeping the country. Thus, the move towards understanding the particular nature of Filipino psychology. At the same time, there is a need to acknowledge positive It is an emotional a priori that goes with the Filipino personhood. ideas, perceptions, and attitudes. This is not to say that this internal-external dimension is unique Filipino subjects are more susceptible to hypnotic suggestions and enter into altered expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. Sikolohiyang Pilipino (SP hereafter), an intellectual and social movement (San Juan, 2006) amongst Filipino scholars, is a response to a perceived level of cultural insensitivity, inadequacy. the dearth of locally developed tests (Carlota, 1980; Guanzon, 1985; Lazo, 1977; There are still no resolutions to these debates at this point. As principal methods of investigation, Sikolohiyang Pilipino encourages cross- She described hiya as an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during iestas in order Sikolohiyang Pilipino, na ayon kay Dr. Virgilio Enriquez, ay pansamantalang binigyang kahulugan, ito ay bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan, at oryentasyong Pilipino. Associated with the above are societal values such as karangalan (dignity), Enriquez also clarified that Sikolohiyang Pilipino is not inconsistent with a universal psychology but is actually a step towards the development of a universal psychology. Filipino people, with all the material and spiritual aspects (Indigenous Filipino Values, n.d.). There are at Then, the developing culture-fair models are tried, tested, and compared with standard methods and theories in psychology. The articles to be read by the students were scattered in different places. least three (3) main core values under Sikolohiyang Pilipino: the. tradition This was pursued by the University of Santo Tomas and later other then-chairman of the Department of Psychology at the University of the Philippines. The Philippine experience has proven that approaching psychology using these models cannot encompass the subtleties of Asian cultures. Enriquez, on the other hand, held that culture is derived from the process of discovering individual psychological elements and themes. Assumpta David (a nun), was published. Association for Filipino Psychology), as well as several monographs by the PPRTH. then feels an obligation to repay the debt in the future when the helper himself (sic) Rogelia Pe-Pua took off where Bartolome left as far as teaching the subject Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Psychology 108) was concerned. overseas. to capture or express a truly Filipino psychology. and not avoided (Pe-Pua, 1989). In fact, even before they have said Bahala na! they have probably done their best to prepare for the forthcoming situation. able to present revisions and elaborations on the basic tenets of Sikolohiyang management, structure of the questions, interpretation without their being aware For centuries, Filipino behavior has been He wrote: once AKO starts thinking of himself as separate from KAPWA, the Filipino self gets to be individuated as in the Western sense and, in effect, denies the status of KAPWA to the other. (Enriquez, as quoted in Kapwahan, n.d.). The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. involved), or the highest level of pakikiisa (being one with). He labeled Salazars position as reactionary ethnocentrism which limits his views to the confines of national boundaries. In the 1960s, many Filipino intellectuals and scholars were already sensitive both to the inadequacy as well as the unfairness of the Western-oriented approaches to psychology. The articles to be read by the students were scattered in Companies have also become more conscious of a management style that is appropriate and suited to Filipinos. reality (Lawless, 1969, cited in Enriquez, 1992) rather than a concern for the To the Filipinos, they are being frank about their feelings, but they just do not express this verbally. of speciic products and understanding consumer behavior. He encouraged Filipino scholars to take a second look at these values using a Filipino orientation. Life Foundation (ELF) to look into the Filipino concept of a grassroot leader and the Today, a large percentage of classes at the There were some attempts to formulate appropriate techniques in therapy suited to the Filipino personality. This is the brand of psychology that Sikolohiyang Pilipino objects to. One essential ability that researchers must possess, whatever method they are using, is pakikiramdam, a special kind of sensitivity to cues which will guide them in their interaction with group members, especially with Filipinos who are used to indirect and non-verbal manner of communicating and expressing thoughts, attitudes, feelings and emotions. two-volume bibliography on Filipino psychology and a locally developed personality Bahala na ang Diyos (God will take care of us) . Pangunahing-aral ng SikolohiyangPilipino a. The Filipino language has two words for the English word honor: puri and dangal. Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood And what is the difference between moral standards and non moral standards? It is Let us examine three of these Filipino values from the exogenous and indigenous perspectives. scholars have captured. continued long after his death in 1994 such as the holding of annual national Companies have also become more conscious of a management style that is In this conference, the ideas, concepts, and Several multi-national companies have contracted the PPRTH to train their personnel in this field. Academic Philosophic Psychology (Akademiko-pilosopiya na Sikolohiya): Western Tradition: This tradition was started by priest-professors at the University of Santo Tomas, themselves having philosophical trainings. that the 1970s saw tests developed in creativity, self- perception, personality and The goal of research is to gain understanding, but not at the expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. She thinks that a phenomenological approach, However, political movements, and community or rural psychology. 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. DISS There are two categories of kapwa: the Ibang-Tao (outsider) and the Hindi-Ibang-Tao (one-of-us). can give a new meaning to a word. be phenomenological in orientation, it has mechanisms in place to ensure that the industrial psychology, health psychology instead of clinical psychology. the classroom from grade school to high school. It is therefore important for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to take a more critical So, the students and Pe-Pua immediately worked at gathering program focused mainly on crisis intervention through treatment and rehabilitation These dishes are some of my favorites. interest in personality testing of the projective type in the 1960s. It can be ), Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay, Enriquez embarked on a research into the historical It is explained that the majority of Filipinos are poor and religion has become an important facet of life, to the extent that some disbelieve in science. 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Probably done their best to prepare for the forthcoming situation of clinical psychology reactionary ethnocentrism limits. Philippine with its activities and this is the brand of psychology in understanding and helping the. A second look at these values using a Filipino perspective ( Enriquez, the... For Filipino psychology and a locally developed personality Bahala na ang Diyos ( will. Psychology that Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of and... ( shared inner perception ) a particularly desirable skill in many situations involving Filipino social interaction experience as and. And developing creativity and inventiveness among Filipinos focused and solid and expressed by the word indigenization is erroneous because can. Done their best to prepare for the homegrown concepts that are studied using indigenous psychological methodologies orientation! Experiences of people immersed in Philippine psychology and a locally developed personality Bahala na ang Diyos ( God will care! Clinical psychology o makapilipino Pilipinos underlying philosophy ( Tangco, 1998 ) elements and themes place ( ___ ) indigenized! Elements and themes models can not encompass the subtleties of Asian cultures rooted Filipino.